Krisis Nalar Fikih (Pembacaan Perspektif Epistemologi Jabirian Dan Hamadian). (Indonesian)

Crisis Of Fiqh Reasoning (Interpreting The Perspective Of Jabirian And Hamadian Epistemology). (English)

Many people believe that fiqh is no longer dynamic, adjusting to any changes which take place among Muslim community. Worse, fiqh is considered as the greatest challenge which hinders development because it has not covered various legal aspects. Therefore, it is not surprising that fiqh now seems to be paralyzed provided that it now suffers from serious problem. This article discusses crisis of fiqh reasoning using the epistemology introduced by Muhammad Abed Al-Jabiri and Muhammad Abu Al- Qasim Haj Hamad. By the presence of this article, it is expected that fiqh could return to its healthy state and could respond to various classical and contemporary questions using the perspective of Jabirian and Hamadian epistemology. The Jabirian perspective was explored systematically, analytically, and logically using a very monumental work by Al-Jabiri, namely "Madkhalila Falsafat al-'Ulum al-Aqlaniyyah". In fact, the cultural composition which shapes classical reasoning to understand the Quran can only be explored using the latest epistemology or philosophy, combined with Islamic concepts. Al-Jabiri explained the dominance of Bedouins and their impacts in interpreting the Quran. On the other hand, Haj Hamad wanted to maintain Islamic law as a religion of mercy and to free the Quran from the narrow-mindedness of theology into universal horizon. Therefore, Al-Jabiri and Haj Hamad interpreted tasyri` al-munazzal and explained the relativity of tasyri` by correlating it with historical conditions, thus the interpretation will not lose fiqh reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banyak kalangan menganggap bahwa fikih tidak lagi menjadi dirinya sendiri yang dinamis mengikuti gerak hidup umat muslim. Bahkan, ia dianggap problem utama dan menghambat kemajuan karena tidak sedikit aspek-aspek hukum yang belum dijawab oleh fikih. Sehingga tidak mengherankan jika saat ini fikih seolah-olah lumpuh karena tersandra oleh mazhab yang mengakibatkan fikih terjangkit penyakit trombosis. Tulisan ini akan membahas krisis nalar fikih dengan menggunakan bantuan model epistemologi yang diperkenalkan oleh Muhammad Abed Al-Jabiri dan Muhammad Abu Al-Qasim Haj Hamad. Melalui tulisan ini, diharapkan nalar fikih bisa kembali sehat dan mampu menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan baik klasik maupun kontemporer melalui perpekstif epistemologi Jabirian dan Hamadian. Perspektif Jabirian digali secara sistematis, analitis, logis melalui karya Al-Jabiri yang sangat monumental yaitu "Madkhal ila Falsafat al-'Ulum al-Aqlaniyyah". Kemudian, komposisi budaya yang membentuk nalar klasik untuk memahami nash Al-Quran hanya dapat diungkap melalui epistemologi atau filsafat ilmu yang terbarukan dan diperkaya dengan konsep-konsep keilmuan Islam. Al-Jabiri memaparkan tentang dominasi Bedouin serta pengaruhnya dalam membaca nash Al-Qur'an. Sedangkan,Haj Hamad ingin mengawal syariah Islamiyah agar tetap menyandang predikat agama yang penuh rahmah serta untuk membebaskan Al-Quran dari kepicikan dan kesempitan teologis menuju horizon universal. Sehingga apa yang dipraktikkan Al-Jabiri dan Haj Hamad dalam memaknai tasyri` al-munazzal dalam menjelaskan relatifitas tasyri` dikorelasikan dengan situasi dan kondisi historis, agar interpretasi itu tidak kehilangan nalar fikih. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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